Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autism Spectrum Disorder Causes, Reasons and TreatmentAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined as a developmental dis exp anent that affects great deals personalities based on how they interact with the adult male (Magalhaes and Almeida, 2010). However, Sparks and Dager (2012, p. 187) defines ASD as a serious neurodevelopmental inconvenience oneself that impairs ones ability to communicate and interact with others.Various ASD definitions ar know to be habitual since they recognise it as a spectral condition (Baird et al., 2016). In his study, Umekage (2011, p. 25), indicates that ASD is a hidden hinderance coupled with fetal brain damage as puff up as impairment of neuronal vitro development. Characterised by interests, activities and repetitious conducts, ASD is so composite plant that it varies from one case to another (Akanksha et al., 2011).Despite various studies on the reasons, sires and handling of ASD, there ar relatively unknown rationale for its causes. Chandl er and Baird (2015, p. 923) posits that race with ASD need protestent kinds of support since their ways of development and learning differ from ein truth individual. The aim of this paper is to discuss the causes, reasons and treatment of ASD.Causes of ASDAlthough there are undetermined causes of ASD, scientists as hearty as medical practitioners believe that an uniting of genetic and environmental factors are the two major causes of ASD (Fitzgerald and Geschwind, 2013). To start with, the cause of ASD via genetic factors is not a simple process, but a complex of progression that involve multiple genes.Causes of ASD GenticsAutism Spectrum DisorderAs indicated by Schechtman (2014, p.86) study, the rank of ASD development in identical twin as well as monozygotic is higher than rates in dizygotic and same-sex brotherlike twins. This indicates that fraternal twins only share almost genes, while identical twins have equal genes and therefore genes contributes much to autism. More so, Brothers as well as sisters of children with autism have high level of autism (Fitzgerald and Geschwind, 2013). From another perspective, Smith and toilet (2011, p. 803) in their research attributed that siblings share certain problems much(prenominal) as spoken language as well as learning difficulties if one of the sibling has autism. However, it is not clear if autism is inherited as well as more world(a) predisposition difficulties.To modify or extend this essay or to give in set on a custom essay Contact Us TodayCauses of ASD Environmental FactorsSecondly, ASD can be cause by environmental factors. Environmental toxins such as mercury and thimerosoal vaccines cause autism stems (Mercer et al., 2016). More so, congenital rubella transmitting is one of the environmental factors that cause ASD. However, Goin-Kochel and Myers (2015, p. 172) disputes that there is any clarity environmental factors causing ASD and therefore more studies needs to be done. Rich and Isager (2012, p. 410) adds some of the evidence proposed for environmental factors is based on case reports, which are frequently difficult to interpret.Reasons for ASDASD as mentioned earlier, ASD can be caused by a cabal of environmental and genetic factors, however, we have reasons ASD occurs. First, Autism exists when a single gene known as slender X syndrome (FXS) exists in the blood (Hessl and Schneider, 2013). FXS is defined as a syndrome that is coupled with autism as well as intellectual disability (Visootsak and Picker, 2015). As per Wehner and Hagerman (2011, p. 415), Whereas ASD is a behavioural diagnosis, FXS is a medical, or more accurately, a genetic diagnosis and therefore when associated with FXS, ASD is caused by the genetic change or mutation in the Fragile X gene.This alters normal blood circulation, therefore ASD. Secondly, individuals are affected by ASD when tuberous sclerosis, chromosome 15q and other genetic conditions go (Hessl and Schneider, 2013).ASD Treatm ent MedicationsCore symptoms associated with ASD have no medication and cure, but we have medications that assistance to manage high energy levels of ASD, seizures, inability to focus as well as depression symptoms (Burrell and Borrego, 2012).The first treatment method utilized during ASD is the untimely interpellation service. This method improves individuals development, especially children with ASD (Buitelaar and Wong, 2014). These services, such as vitamin therapy, auditory training, facilitated communication and physical therapy improve children talk, interaction and walk.Early intervention services attribute the surmisal of mind as an explanatory ASD theory that reflects on the symptom criteria (A) of the DSM-5. As per Gallese and Goldman (2012, p. 496), the theory of mind was created by genus Uta Frith, Alan Leslie and Simon Baron-Cohen in 1985 to explain communication persistence as well as social interaction for people with ASD.ASD Treatment Behaviours and Communicat ionThe second method used for ASD treatment is the behaviours and communication approaches. This method involves direct, organised and structural ways for people with ASD to participate in a given paediatric events and medication. As per Burrell and Borrego (2012, p. 424), apply behaviour analysis (ABA) is utilised as a treatment of ASD via behaviour and communication approach to encourage positive and discourage negative behaviours hence improving various skills needed during ASD treatment.This is in relation to the theory of administrator dysfunction which states, Executive functions (EF) are a set of cognitive skills that are put into practice through autonomous activities. Most of these EF skills are utilised by ASD patients to boost their flexibility, organisation, objectives and goals, anticipation as well as to be able to control their impulses (Buitelaar and Wong, 2014). Thirdly, ASD can be enured through dietetic approaches.Change in diet, such as using certain foods, mineral supplements and vitamin helps to treat certain ASD effects. However, Talalay and Zimmerman (2014) posit that although dietary approach is considered as one of the ASD treatment, there is no scientific support and recommendation.Finally, ASD can be treated using complementary and alternative treatments. Treatments associated with complementary and alternative approaches include chelation, biologic such as secretin, special diets and body-based systems (Burrell and Borrego, 2012).ConclusionIn conclusion, the aim of this paper was to discuss the causes, reasons and treatment of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Being a hidden disability coupled with foetal brain damage as well as impairment of neural vitro development, ASD has varied and complex behaviours hence there is unknown treatment for plaza symptoms.Generally, ASD is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors such as genes inheritance and environmental toxins respectively. Some of the treatments fo r ASD as discussed included the used of the primal intervention services, the behaviours and communication approaches, dietary approaches and complementary and alternative treatments. Characterised by interests, activities and repetitive behaviours, ASD is so complex that it varies from one case to another and therefore its treatments depends on an individual case.To modify or extend this essay or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us TodayBibliographyAkanksha, M., Sahil, K., Premjeet, S. and Bhawna, K. (2011) Autism spectrum disorders(ASD). International Journal of research in ayurveda &038 pharmacy, 2(5), pp.1541- 1546.Baird, G., Simonoff, E. and Charman, T. (2016) Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames the Special Needs and Autism discombobulate (SNAP). The lancet, 368(9531), pp.210-215.Burrell, L. and Borrego, J. (2012) Parents Involvement in ASD Treatment What Is Their Role?. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(3), pp.423-432.Buitelaar, K. and Wong, C. (2014) psychopharmacological prescriptions for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) a multinational study. Psychopharmacology, 231(6), pp.999-1009.Chandler, S. and Baird, G. (2015) Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child &038 Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(8), pp.921-929.Fitzgerald, R. and Geschwind, D. (2013) Autism paying back in half siblings strong support for genetic mechanisms of transmission in ASD. Molecular psychiatry, 18(2), p.137-140.Goin-Kochel, P. and Myers, B. (2015) Congenital versus regressive onset of autism spectrum disorders Parents beliefs about causes. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 20(3), pp.169-179.Gallese, V. and Goldman, A. (2012) Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading. Trends in cognitive sciences, 2(12), pp.493-501.Hessl, D. a nd Schneider, A. (2013) Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders 79(2), pp. 1320-1324.Magalhaes, T. and Almeida, J. (2010) Functional impact of spherical rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disorder. Nature, 466(7304), pp.368-401.Mercer, L., Creighton, S. and Lewis, S. (2016) Parental perspectives on the causes of an autism spectrum disorder in their children. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 15(1), pp.41-50.Rich, B. and Isager, T. (2012) Mortality and causes of death in autism spectrum disorders an update. Autism, 12(4), pp.403-414.Sparks, B. and Dager, S. (2012) Brain structural abnormalities in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Neurology, 59(2), pp.184-192.Schechtman, M. (2014) Scientifically unsupported therapies in the treatment of young children with autism disorders. Psychiatric Annals, 37(9), pp. 79-92.Smith, S. and John, W. (2011) Col4a1 mutation causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and genetically modifiable ocular dysge nesis. Human molecular genetics, 16(7), pp.798- 807.Talalay, P. and Zimmerman, A. (2014) Sulforaphane treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(43), pp.50-55.Umekage, T. (2011) Association of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene polymorphisms with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the Japanese population. Journal of human genetics, 55(3), pp. 23-32.Visootsak, J. and Picker, J. (2015) Advances in the treatment of fragile X syndrome. Pediatrics, 123(1), pp.378-390.Wehner, A. and Hagerman, R. (2011) The behavioral phenotype in fragile X symptoms of autism in very young children with fragile X syndrome, idiopathic autism, and otherdevelopmental disorders. Journal of developmental &038 behavioral pediatrics, 22(6), pp.409-417.To modify or extend this essay or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us TodayOther colligateSummary Reviewer Admin Jane Review Date 2017-07-18 Reviewed Item Autism Spectrum Disorder Causes, Reasons an d Treatments source Rating 5